std::round, std::lround, std::llround

Functions

Basic operations

abs(int)labsllabsimaxabs (C++11)
abs(float)fabs
divldivlldivimaxdiv (C++11)
fmod

remainder (C++11)
remquo (C++11)
fma (C++11)
fmax (C++11)
fmin (C++11)
fdim (C++11)
nannanfnanl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)

Exponential functions

exp
exp2 (C++11)
expm1 (C++11)

log
log10
log1p (C++11)
log2 (C++11)

Power functions

sqrt
cbrt (C++11)

hypot (C++11)
pow

Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions

sin
cos
tan
asin
acos
atan
atan2

sinh
cosh
tanh
asinh (C++11)
acosh (C++11)
atanh (C++11)

Error and gamma functions

erf (C++11)
erfc (C++11)

lgamma (C++11)
tgamma (C++11)

Nearest integer floating point operations

ceil
floor
roundlroundllround (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)

trunc (C++11)
nearbyint (C++11)
rintlrintllrint (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)

Floating point manipulation functions

ldexp
scalbnscalbln (C++11)(C++11)
ilogb (C++11)
logb (C++11)

frexp
modf
nextafternexttoward (C++11)(C++11)
copysign (C++11)

Classification/Comparison

fpclassify (C++11)
isfinite (C++11)
isinf (C++11)
isnan (C++11)
isnormal (C++11)
signbit (C++11)

isgreater (C++11)
isgreaterequal (C++11)
isless (C++11)
islessequal (C++11)
islessgreater (C++11)
isunordered (C++11)

Macro constants

HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL (C++11)(C++11)
INFINITY (C++11)
NAN (C++11)
math_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOMATH_ERREXCEPT (C++11)

FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN

(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)

Defined in header `<cmath>`
float round( float arg );	(1)	(since C++11)
double round( double arg );	(2)	(since C++11)
long double round( long double arg );	(3)	(since C++11)
double round( Integral arg );	(4)	(since C++11)
long lround( float arg );	(5)	(since C++11)
long lround( double arg );	(6)	(since C++11)
long lround( long double arg );	(7)	(since C++11)
long lround( Integral arg );	(8)	(since C++11)
long long llround( float arg );	(9)	(since C++11)
long long llround( double arg );	(10)	(since C++11)
long long llround( long double arg );	(11)	(since C++11)
long long llround( Integral arg );	(12)	(since C++11)

1-3) Computes the nearest integer value to arg (in floating-point format), rounding halfway cases away from zero, regardless of the current rounding mode.

5-7, 9-11) Computes the nearest integer value to arg (in integer format), rounding halfway cases away from zero, regardless of the current rounding mode.

4,8,12) A set of overloads or a function template accepting an argument of any integral type. Equivalent to 2), 6), or 10), respectively (the argument is cast to double).

Parameters

arg

-

floating point value

Return value

If no errors occur, the nearest integer value to arg, rounding halfway cases away from zero, is returned.

Return value

$math-round away zero.svg$

Argument

If a domain error occurs, an implementation-defined value is returned

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling

If the result of std::lround or std::llround is outside the range representable by the return type, a domain error or a range error may occur.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

For the std::round function:

The current rounding mode has no effect.
If arg is ±∞, it is returned, unmodified
If arg is ±0, it is returned, unmodified
If arg is NaN, NaN is returned

For std::lround and std::llround functions:

FE_INEXACT is never raised
The current rounding mode has no effect.
If arg is ±∞, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned
If the result of the rounding is outside the range of the return type, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned
If arg is NaN, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned

Notes

FE_INEXACT may be (but isn't required to be) raised by std::round when rounding a non-integer finite value.

The largest representable floating-point values are exact integers in all standard floating-point formats, so std::round never overflows on its own; however the result may overflow any integer type (including std::intmax_t), when stored in an integer variable.

POSIX specifies that all cases where std::lround or std::llround raise FE_INEXACT are domain errors.

The double version of std::round behaves as if implemented as follows:

#include <cmath>
#include <cfenv>
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
double round(double x)
{
    std::fenv_t save_env;
    std::feholdexcept(&save_env);
    double result = std::rint(x);
    if (std::fetestexcept(FE_INEXACT)) {
        auto const save_round = std::fegetround();
        std::fesetround(FE_TOWARDZERO);
        result = std::rint(std::copysign(0.5 + std::fabs(x), x));
        std::fesetround(save_round);
    }
    std::feupdateenv(&save_env);
    return result;
}

Example

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <cfenv>
#include <climits>
 
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
 
int main()
{
    // round
    std::cout << "round(+2.3) = " << std::round(2.3)
              << "  round(+2.5) = " << std::round(2.5)
              << "  round(+2.7) = " << std::round(2.7) << '\n'
              << "round(-2.3) = " << std::round(-2.3)
              << "  round(-2.5) = " << std::round(-2.5)
              << "  round(-2.7) = " << std::round(-2.7) << '\n';
 
    std::cout << "round(-0.0) = " << std::round(-0.0)  << '\n'
              << "round(-Inf) = " << std::round(-INFINITY) << '\n';
 
    // lround
    std::cout << "lround(+2.3) = " << std::lround(2.3)
              << "  lround(+2.5) = " << std::lround(2.5)
              << "  lround(+2.7) = " << std::lround(2.7) << '\n'
              << "lround(-2.3) = " << std::lround(-2.3)
              << "  lround(-2.5) = " << std::lround(-2.5)
              << "  lround(-2.7) = " << std::lround(-2.7) << '\n';
 
    std::cout << "lround(-0.0) = " << std::lround(-0.0)  << '\n'
              << "lround(-Inf) = " << std::lround(-INFINITY) << '\n';
 
    // error handling
    std::feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
    std::cout << "std::lround(LONG_MAX+1.5) = "
              << std::lround(LONG_MAX+1.5) << '\n';
    if(std::fetestexcept(FE_INVALID))
              std::cout << "    FE_INVALID was raised\n";
}

Possible output:

round(+2.3) = 2  round(+2.5) = 3  round(+2.7) = 3
round(-2.3) = -2  round(-2.5) = -3  round(-2.7) = -3
round(-0.0) = -0
round(-Inf) = -inf
lround(+2.3) = 2  lround(+2.5) = 3  lround(+2.7) = 3
lround(-2.3) = -2  lround(-2.5) = -3  lround(-2.7) = -3
lround(-0.0) = 0
lround(-Inf) = -9223372036854775808
std::lround(LONG_MAX+1.5) = -9223372036854775808
    FE_INVALID was raised

Language
Standard library headers
Concepts
Utilities library
Strings library
Containers library
Algorithms library
Iterators library
Numerics library
Input/output library
Localizations library
Regular expressions library (C++11)
Atomic operations library (C++11)
Thread support library (C++11)
Filesystem library (C++17)
Technical Specifications

Common mathematical functions
Special mathematical functions
Floating-point environment (C++11)
Complex numbers
Numeric arrays
Pseudo-random number generation
Compile-time rational arithmetic (C++11)
Numeric algorithms
gcd (C++17)
lcm (C++17)
Generic numeric operations
iota (C++11)
accumulate
inner_product
adjacent_difference
partial_sum

floor	nearest integer not greater than the given value (function)
ceil	nearest integer not less than the given value (function)
trunc (C++11)	nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value (function)
C documentation for round

std::round, std::lround, std::llround

Parameters

Return value

Error handling

Notes

Example

See also