alignas specifier (since C++11)

 

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Technical Specifications

 

C++ language

 

Declarations

Overview declaration syntax decl-specifier-seq declarator Specifiers typedef inline virtual function specifier explicit function specifier friend constexpr (C++11) consteval (C++20) storage class specifiers classstruct union enum decltype (C++11) auto (C++11) alignas (C++11) constvolatile elaborated type specifier attributes (C++11)

Declarators reference pointer array Block declarations simple-declaration → structured binding declaration (C++17) alias declaration(C++11) namespace alias definition using-declaration using-directive static_assert declaration (C++11) asm-definition opaque enum declaration(C++11) Other declarations namespace definition function declaration class template declaration function template declaration explicit template instantiation(C++11) explicit template specialization linkage specification attribute declaration (C++11) empty declaration

 

Specifies the alignment requirement of a type or an object.

Syntax

alignas( expression )
alignas( type-id )
alignas( pack ... )

1) alignas(expression) must be an integral constant expression that evaluates to zero, or to a valid value for an alignment or extended alignment.

2) Equivalent to alignas(alignof(type))

3) Equivalent to multiple alignas specifiers applied to the same declaration, one for each member of the parameter pack, which can be either type or non-type parameter pack.

Explanation

The alignas specifier may be applied to the declaration of a variable or a non-bitfield class data member, or it can be applied to the declaration or definition of a class/struct/union or enumeration. It cannot be applied to a function parameter or to the exception parameter of a catch clause.

The object or the type declared by such a declaration will have its alignment requirement equal to the strictest (largest) non-zero expression of all alignas specifiers used in the declaration, unless it would weaken the natural alignment of the type.

If the strictest (largest) alignas on a declaration is weaker than the alignment it would have without any alignas specifiers (that is, weaker than its natural alignment or weaker than alignas on another declaration of the same object or type), the program is ill-formed:

struct alignas(8) S {};
struct alignas(1) U { S s; }; // error: alignment of U would have been 8 without alignas(1)

Invalid non-zero alignments, such as alignas(3) are ill-formed.

Valid non-zero alignments that are weaker than another alignas on the same declaration are ignored.

alignas(0) is always ignored.

Notes

As of the ISO C11 standard, the C language has the _Alignas keyword and defines alignas as a preprocessor macro expanding to the keyword in the header <stdalign.h>, but in C++ this is a keyword, and the headers <stdalign.h> and <cstdalign> do not define such macro. They do, however, define the macro constant __alignas_is_defined.

Keywords

alignas

Example

Run this code

// every object of type sse_t will be aligned to 16-byte boundary
struct alignas(16) sse_t
{
    float sse_data[4];
};
 
// the array "cacheline" will be aligned to 128-byte boundary
alignas(128) char cacheline[128];
 
 
int main()
{
}

See also

alignof operator	queries alignment requirements of a type (since C++11)
alignment_of (C++11)	obtains the type's alignment requirements (class template)