break statement

Causes the enclosing for, range-for, while or do-while loop or switch statement to terminate.

Used when it is otherwise awkward to terminate the loop using the condition expression and conditional statements.

Syntax


attr(optional) `break` `;`

Explanation

After this statement the control is transferred to the statement immediately following the enclosing loop or switch. As with any block exit, all automatic storage objects declared in enclosing compound statement or in the condition of a loop/switch are destroyed, in reverse order of construction, before the execution of the first line following the enclosing loop.

Keywords

break

Notes

A break statement cannot be used to break out of multiple nested loops. The goto statement may be used for this purpose.

Example

Run this code

#include <iostream>
 
int main()
{
    int i = 2;
    switch (i) {
        case 1: std::cout << "1";
        case 2: std::cout << "2";   //execution starts at this case label
        case 3: std::cout << "3";
        case 4:
        case 5: std::cout << "45";
                break;              //execution of subsequent statements is terminated
        case 6: std::cout << "6";
    }
 
    std::cout << '\n';
 
    for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
        for (int k = 0; k < 5; k++) {         //only this loop is affected by break
            if (k == 2) break;
            std::cout << j << k << " ";
        }
    }
}

Output:

2345
00 01 10 11

Language
Standard library headers
Concepts
Utilities library
Strings library
Containers library
Algorithms library
Iterators library
Numerics library
Input/output library
Localizations library
Regular expressions library (C++11)
Atomic operations library (C++11)
Thread support library (C++11)
Filesystem library (C++17)
Technical Specifications